Mental Health & addictions - Manitoba Association of Health Care Professionals

Due to the large number of Classification Groups within our Mental Health & Addictions membership, we have incorporated an alphabetically-ordered table so you can search by classification (terms which will be familiar to you). Navigate to your classification below (or use the table’s search field), then click on the hyperlink to the right labelled ‘Classification Group’. You’ll be taken directly to the table that includes your classification. Please be sure to read the criteria for each Classification Group.

Standardization applied April 1, 2023
Market Adjustment applied April 1, 2024
Be advised that these are DRAFT salary scales only, and pending a full financial review by the employer. They are subject to change.

Employer Classification	Classification Group
Addiction Recovery Practitioner (Degree)	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Addictions Recovery Practitioner – Lead	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Addictions Specialist	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Addictions Therapist	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Adolescent Mental Health Counsellor 2	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
AFM Comm Addictions Worker II (NHREO)	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
AFM Housing Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
AFM Rehab Counsellor II (WCHREO & SHEO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
AFM Rehab Counsellor II (NHREO)	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
AFM Supervisor	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Brief Treatment Counsellor	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Clinical Services Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Clinical Supervisor (Masters Required)	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Clinical Team Leader – Crisis Ser	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Clinical Team Leader Intake & Assessment	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Cognitive Behaviour Therapist-Clinic-WI	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Community Addictions Worker	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Community Addictions Worker 2 (AFM Rehab Counsellor II) (WCHREO & SHEO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Community Forensic Mental Health Specialist	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Community Housing Coordinator-LTC	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Community Mental Health Worker	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Community Mental Health Worker	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Community Mental Health Worker IV	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Conseiller en santé mentale	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Co-Occuring Disorders (CODI) Outreach Case Manager	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Counsellor (Mental Health Therapist)	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Counsellor Crisis Program	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Crisis Clinician	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Crisis Unit Practitioner	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Cross Cultural Mental Health Specialist	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
ECHO Facilitator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
FACT Service Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Family Therapy Resource Clinician	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
FASD Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
FASD Network Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Housing Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Housing Project Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Learning Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Mental Health Clinician	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mental Health Clinician (SHEO & WCHREO)	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Mental Health Clinician 4 (Mental Wellness & Recovery Practitioner)	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mental Health Outreach Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Mental Health Promotion Facilitator	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mental Health Promotion Specialist – HEALTH	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mental Health Res & Educ Facilitator	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mental Health & Addictions Resource Education Facilitator	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Mobile Crisis Clinician	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
PACT Service Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Parole and Probation Officer (Degree)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Prevention Education Consultant	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Prevention Education Consultant	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Provincial Coordinator	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)
Recovery Support Navigator	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Rehabilitation Counsellor 1 (SHEO & WCHREO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Rehabilitation Counsellor 1 – Casual (WCHREO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Rehabilitation Counsellor 2 – Casual (SHEO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Rehabilitation Counsellor 2 (Northern)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Rehabilitation Counsellor 2 (WCHREO)	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Service Coordinator – EPPIS	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Service Coordinator – HUB FACTT	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator
Shared Care Mental Health Counsellor	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist
Supervisor (SHEO & WCHREO)	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
System Navigator	Mental Health and Social Services Provider
Teacher – SMHC	Teacher
Team Leader – Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Team Leader – CODI Outreach	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Team Leader – Forensic Cmty Mental Health (FACT)	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Team Leader – Mental Health EPPIS	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Team Leader – PACT	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead
Youth Mental Health Community Counsellor	Mental Health and Social Services Provider

Mental Health and Social Services Provider

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8	Step 9	Year 20
	Mental Health and Social Services Provider Standardized			34.836	35.882	36.957	38.068	39.211	40.388	41.602	42.853	44.138	45.462	46.372
	3% Market Adjustment			35.881	36.958	38.066	39.210	40.387	41.600	42.850	44.139	45.462	46.826	47.763
SHEO	Community Addictions Worker	AFM	1885	32.933	34.117	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529					40.320
WCHREO	Community Addictions Worker	AFM	1885	32.933	34.117	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529					40.320
SHEO	Community Addictions Worker 2 (AFM Rehab Counsellor II)	AFM	1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
WCHREO	Community Addictions Worker 2 (AFM Rehab Counsellor II)	AFM	1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
SHEO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 1	AFM	1885	32.933	34.117	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529					40.320
SHEO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 2 – Casual	AFM	1885	33.479	34.736	36.026	37.443	38.774	40.296					43.392
SHEO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 2 (Northern)	AFM	1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
WCHREO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 1	AFM	1885	32.933	34.117	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529					40.320
WCHREO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 1 – Casual	AFM	1885	33.479	34.736	36.026	37.443	38.774	40.296
WCHREO	Rehabilitation Counsellor 2	Community Programs	1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
~~NHREO~~	~~AFM Rehab Counsellor II~~		~~1885~~	~~35.342~~	~~36.672~~	~~38.034~~	~~39.529~~	~~40.936~~	~~42.541~~					~~43.392~~
NHREO	Mobile Crisis Clinician		2015	29.549	30.623	31.677	32.836	34.079	35.334	36.625	38.068			38.829
NHREO	Recovery Support Navigator		1885	29.549	30.623	31.677	32.836	34.079	35.334	36.625	38.068			38.829
SHEO	Adolescent Mental Health Counsellor 2	MATC	1950	29.158	30.476	31.798	33.124	34.445						35.136
SHEO	Community Addictions Worker 2 (AFM Rehab Counsellor II)	AFM	1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
WCHREO	Parole and Probation Officer (Degree)	Churchill RHA	1950	32.515	33.703	34.855	36.150	37.460	38.842	40.275	41.868	43.474	45.135	46.039
WCHREO	System Navigator	Klinic Community Health Agency	2080	33.747	34.761	35.802	36.879	37.985	39.127	40.303	41.513	42.756	44.041	44.922
WCHREO	Counsellor Crisis Program	Klinic Community Health Agency	2080	33.747	34.761	35.802	36.879	37.985	39.127	40.303	41.513	42.756	44.041	44.922
WCHREO	Youth Mental Health Community Counsellor	Nor’West Co-op CHC	1950	34.836	35.882	36.957	38.068	39.211	40.388	41.602	42.853	44.138	45.462	46.372

Grouping Description: UPDATED – OCTOBER 3, 2024

Degree in any Health Sciences or combination of Education and Experiences – lived experiences combined with training, certification and preparation to provide support, mentoring and guidance.
0-2 years’ experience.
Promotion of individual, group or community well-being through assessment of social needs; delivery of social programs and supporting individual, group or community through removing or preventing the systemic barriers.
Duties and responsibilities include: counselling, crisis intervention, system and services navigation, health education and promotion.
Counselling with short term care coordination or long term counselling with minimum care coordination.
Group facilitation / education.

Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8	Step 9	Year 20
	Mental Health and Addictions Services Coordinator Standardized			36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
	3% Market Adjustment			37.812	39.101	40.552	42.013	43.566	45.173	46.926	48.769	50.651	52.154	53.196
SHEO	Crisis Unit Practitioner	AFM	2080	35.599	37.031	38.461	39.754	41.122	42.438	43.653	44.970	46.364		47.289
SHEO	FASD Network Coordinator	Rehabilitation Centre for Children	2015	42.566	43.841	45.157	46.150	47.904						48.862
SHEO	Learning Coordinator	AFM	1885	35.242	36.561	37.966	39.394	40.936	42.541					43.392
SHEO	Service Coordinator – EPPIS		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
NHREO	FASD Coordinator		1885	31.193	32.335	33.438	34.681	35.938	37.261	38.638	40.163	41.702	43.298	44.165
SHEO	ECHO Facilitator		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	FACT Service Coordinator		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	PACT Service Coordinator		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	Service Coordinator – EPPIS		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	Service Coordinator – HUB FACTT		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	Co-Occuring Disorders (CODI) Outreach Case Manager	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Housing Coordinator	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	AFM Housing Coordinator	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Community Housing Coordinator-LTC	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Housing Project Coordinator	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647

Grouping Description:

Degree in Health Sciences required.
Must be a registered health professional.
3-4 years experience required.
Previous community experience required preferably in Mental Health
Helps a patient/client develop a plan that coordinates and integrates the support services to optimize the health care and psychosocial possible goals and outcomes.
Case Management or service coordination – linking a client to specific services including advocacy.
Collaborative, client-driven process for the provision of quality health and support services through the effective and efficient use of resources. Case management supports the client’s achievement of safe, realistic, and reasonable goals within a complex health, social, and fiscal environment.
Case managers tend to facilitate the delivery of services, coordinating the steps in those processes from start to finish.
Assertive, long term, flexible clinical counselling interventions and case management services.
Additional advance level training in clinical assessment and treatment modules,- Trauma, Crisis response, CBT etc.
Developing and managing clients through assertive psychosocial care plans and intervention.
Employee is responsible for evaluating person’s mental health and use therapeutic specific training techniques.

Mental Health and Addictions Services Specialist

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8	Step 9	Year 20
	Mental Health and Addictions Specialist Standardized			36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
	3% Market Adjustment			37.812	39.101	40.552	42.013	43.566	45.173	46.926	48.769	50.651	52.154	53.196
NHREO	AFM Rehab Counsellor II		1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
NHREO	Mental Health & Addictions Resource Education Facilitator	Community	2015	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
NHREO	AFM Comm Addictions Worker II		1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
NHREO	Addiction Recovery Practitioner (Degree)		2015	27.116	28.075	29.098	30.136	31.252	32.422	33.619	34.936	36.000	37.064	37.805
NHREO	Mental Health Clinician 4 (Mental Wellness & Recovery Practitioner)		1885	36.718	37.960	39.375	40.776	42.293	43.869	45.576	47.342	49.183	50.629	51.640
NHREO	Mental Health Promotion Specialist – HEALTH		1885	36.718	37.960	39.375	40.776	42.293	43.869	45.576	47.342	49.183	50.629	51.640
NHREO	Prevention Education Consultant		1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541					43.392
SHEO	Community Forensic Mental Health Specialist		1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
SHEO	Community Mental Health Worker IV		1885	36.718	37.960	39.375	40.776	42.293	43.869	45.611	47.342	49.183	50.629	51.640
SHEO	Crisis Clinician		2080	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
~~SHEO~~	~~Mental Health Clinician~~	~~MATC~~	~~1950~~	~~42.301~~	~~43.870~~	~~45.582~~	~~47.341~~	~~49.176~~	~~50.625~~					~~51.636~~
WCHREO	Mental Health Promotion Facilitator	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Mental Health Res & Educ Facilitator	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Prevention Education Consultant		1885	35.342	36.672	38.034	39.529	40.936	42.541	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	43.392
WCHREO	Conseiller en santé mentale	Centre de santé Saint-Boniface	2015	38.090	39.473	41.134	42.632	44.304	46.005	47.858	49.726	51.709	52.743	53.797
WCHREO	Brief Treatment Counsellor	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Community Mental Health Worker	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Cross Cultural Mental Health Specialist	Community Programs	1885	36.711	37.962	39.371	40.789	42.297	43.857	45.559	47.349	49.176	50.635	51.647
WCHREO	Shared Care Mental Health Counsellor	Community Programs	2015	38.090	39.473	41.134	42.632	44.304	46.005	47.858	49.726	51.709		52.743
WCHREO	Community Mental Health Worker	Deer Lodge Centre	1950	36.718	37.960	39.375	40.776	42.293	43.869	45.576	47.342	49.183	50.629	51.640

Grouping Description:

Degree in Health Sciences required.
Must be a registered health professional.
3-4 years experience required.
Previous community experience required preferably in Mental Health
Helps a patient/client develop a plan that coordinates and integrates the support services to optimize the health care and psychosocial possible goals and outcomes.
Case Management or service coordination – linking a client to specific services including advocacy.
Collaborative, client-driven process for the provision of quality health and support services through the effective and efficient use of resources. Case management supports the client’s achievement of safe, realistic, and reasonable goals within a complex health, social, and fiscal environment.
Case managers tend to facilitate the delivery of services, coordinating the steps in those processes from start to finish.
Assertive, long term, flexible clinical counselling interventions and case management services.
Additional advance level training in clinical assessment and treatment modules,- Trauma, Crisis response, CBT etc. required
Developing and managing clients through assertive psychosocial care plans and intervention.
Employee is responsible for evaluating person’s mental health and use therapeutic specific training techniques.

Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required)

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8	Year 20
	Mental Health and Addictions Therapist (Masters Required) Standardized			39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435	54.502
	3% Market Adjustment			40.552	42.013	43.789	45.372	47.163	48.966	50.943	52.917	55.038	56.137
SHEO	Addictions Specialist	AFM	1885	36.728	38.155	39.585	41.125	42.764	44.472				45.362
SHEO	Family Therapy Resource Clinician	MATC	1950	44.910	46.577	48.396	50.262	52.210	53.746				54.822
SHEO	Provincial Coordinator	AFM	1885	38.155	39.585	41.125	42.764	44.472	46.280				47.206
SHEO	Mental Health Clinician	MATC	1950	42.301	43.870	45.582	47.341	49.176	50.625				51.636
SHEO	Addictions Therapist	AFM	1885	36.728	38.155	39.585	41.125	42.764	44.472				45.362
WCHREO	Mental Health Clinician	Deer Lodge Centre	1950	35.513	36.853	38.251	39.704	41.227	42.814	44.450	46.146	47.996	48.956
WCHREO	Counsellor (Mental Health Therapist)	Nine Circles CHC	2015	39.996	41.446	43.190	44.761	46.522	48.305	50.253	52.212	54.295	55.382
WCHREO	Cognitive Behaviour Therapist-Clinic-WI	Seven Oaks Gen Hospital	2015	37.932	39.069	40.243	41.451	42.697	43.981	45.299	46.660	48.063	49.023
WCHREO	Clinical Supervisor (Masters Required)	Women’s Health Clinic	2080	36.125	37.489	38.907	40.388	41.936	43.548	45.211	46.938	48.821	49.797

Grouping Description:

Masters Degree in Health Sciences required (not included in entry to practice).
Must be a registered health professional.
Must have Mental Health and Addictions Experience preferably in the Community.
4-5 years experience required.
Additional advance level training in therapeutic / clinical assessment and treatment modules – Trauma, Crisis response, CBT etc.
Developing and managing clients through assertive psychosocial care plans and intervention.
Case managers tend to facilitate the delivery of services, coordinating the steps in those processes from start to finish.
Assertive, long term, flexible clinical counselling interventions and case management services.
Additional advance level training in clinical assessment and treatment modules,- Trauma, Crisis response, CBT etc. required
Developing and managing clients through assertive psychosocial care plans and intervention.
Employee is responsible for evaluating person’s mental health and use therapeutic specific training techniques.

Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8	Step 9	Year 20
	Mental Health and Addictions – Team Lead Standardized			39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
	3% Market Adjustment			40.552	42.013	43.789	45.372	47.163	48.966	50.943	52.917	55.038		56.137
SHEO	Clinical Team Leader – Crisis Ser		2080	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Clinical Team Leader Intake & Assessment		2080	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Team Leader-Forensic Cmty Mental Health		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Supervisor	Shared Health – AFM	1885	35.945	37.452	38.913	40.376	41.962	43.592	45.354	47.183	49.807		Shared
NHREO	Addictions Recovery Practitioner – Lead		2015	29.243	30.201	31.224	32.262	33.380	34.547	35.746	37.061	38.128	39.189	39.972
NHREO	AFM Supervisor		1885	35.945	37.452	38.913	40.376	41.962	43.592	45.332	47.183	49.807		50.803
NHREO	Clinical Services Coordinator		2015	38.555	39.857	41.341	42.815	44.407	46.065	47.853	49.713	51.640		54.221
SHEO	Team Leader – Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Team Leader – CODI Outreach		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Team Leader – Forensic Cmty Mental Health (FACT)		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Team Leader – Mental Health EPPIS		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Team Leader – PACT		1885	39.371	40.789	42.514	44.050	45.789	47.540	49.459	51.376	53.435		54.502
SHEO	Mental Health Outreach Coordinator	Eden Mental Health Centre	1885	39.857	41.341	42.815	44.407	46.065	47.853	49.713	51.640	53.159		54.221
WCHREO	Supervisor	AFM	2015	35.945	37.452	38.913	40.376	41.962	43.592	45.354	47.183	49.807		50.803

Grouping Description:

Degree in Health Sciences required – Masters preferred.
Must be a registered health professional.
4-5 years experience required.
Previous community experience required preferably in Mental Health
In addition to Coordinator / Specialist Duties – Responsible for overseeing the day -to-day operations of a team of health care professionals – including clinical supervision and training development of support staff.
May participate in planning, implementing and evaluating policies, program.

Teacher

EO	Classification	Site	BAH	Start	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Year 20
	Teacher Standardized			39.604	41.099	42.584	44.144	45.746	47.550	49.332	50.297
	3% Market Adjustment			40.792	42.332	43.862	45.468	47.118	48.977	50.812	51.806
SHEO	Teacher – SMHC	SMHC	1885	39.604	41.099	42.584	44.144	45.746	47.550	49.332	50.297

Grouping Description:

Must have a Bachelor of Education